- The Greek word translated 'cross' is stauros, meaning 'a pole or a cross used as an instrument of capital punishment.' The Greek word stauroo, which is translated 'crucify,' means 'to be attached to a pole or cross.' Outside of the Bible, the same verb was also used in the context of putting up a fence with stakes.
- MacOS Big Sur elevates the most advanced desktop operating system in the world to a new level of power and beauty. Experience Mac to the fullest with a refined new design. Enjoy the biggest Safari update ever. Discover new features for Maps and Messages. And get even more transparency around your privacy.
- Pole barns are typically built in increments of 10 or 12 feet, such as a 20-by-36 feet. Poles are typically set in the ground like fence posts, so it's important to use treated lumber, and most of the barn's strength comes from the sheet metal siding and roof.
P = pole(sys) returns the poles of the SISO or MIMO dynamic system model sys. The output is expressed as the reciprocal of the time units specified in sys.TimeUnit. The poles of a dynamic system determine the stability and response of the system. Cutouts act like a fuse and open when there is a problem with the line or a section of it. A crossarm holds the wires up on the pole. The neutral wire is below the transformer and acts as a line back to the substation and balances out the amount of electricity or load on the system. Lightning arrestors protect the pole and equipment.
Unless other wise noted, all photos posted on thissite are copyright ©2004 by Neal McLain
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The following definition of Joint Pole is an expanded version of the definition found in Newton's Telecom Dictionary, 18th Edition (New York: CMP Books, 2002, p. 410; reprinted by permission of Harry Newton).
Space Allocation on Joint PolesJOINT POLE: A utility pole which supports the facilities of two or more companies. A typical joint pole supports three facilities: electric power, cable television, and telephone. Some joint poles also support all manner of other devices: streetlights, signs, traffic signals, seasonal decorations, fire and police call boxes, antennas, municipal communications systems, OPGW (optical ground wire) fire- and police-alarm signal wiring.This figure illustrates the typical allocation of space on joint utility poles in the United States; the allocation is similar in Canada except that cable television and telephone are sometimes lashed to the same supporting strand. Starting at the top and working down, facilities on the pole are allocated into three spaces: Supply Space, Safety Zone Space, and Communications Space. | |
Supply SpaceThe Supply Space is reserved for electrical supply facilities. Most supply-space wiring consists of uninsulated conductors. The supply space may include separate facilities operating at different voltages; for safety reasons, the highest voltages are located uppermost on the pole.Starting at the top and working down, the facilities in the supply space are:
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Safety Zone SpaceThe Safety Zone Space is an unused space separating electric supply facilities from communications facilities.This space is specified by the National Electrical Safety Code to separate electric supply conductors from communications conductors. Under this code, the highest cable in the communications space must be separated from the lowest electric-power conductor in the supply space by specified distances. The separations shown in this diagram are typical, although there are numerous exceptions and special cases.
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Communications SpaceThe Communications Space contains telephone, cable television (CATV), and other communications cables. Communications cables are insulated; however they may be enclosed in metal shields. For safety reasons, all exposed metallic surfaces must be bonded to each other and to the MGN.Typical communications cables include:
Telephone and other communications cables are supported in the same manner. A single strand can support more than one cable: |
No real-world joint pole looks exactly like the archetypical pole defined above, but some come pretty close. Following are photos of a few representative examples.
Joint Pole IPower, CATV, Telephone,This pole supports an enormous transmission line, probably at least 69-Kv, possibly even higher. It also supports: | ||
Joint Pole IIPower, Telephone, CATV, StreetlightThis pole supports the usual three facilities: electric power, CATV, and telephone. But note that:
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Joint Pole IIIPower, Telephone,This pole supports: | ||
Joint Pole IVPower, Alarm Signals, CATV, Telephone, Traffic SignalsThis pole supports:
Note that the fire-alarm wiring is open wire, and that it appears to be very close to the CATV cable. If these wires are not insulated, this would constitute a violation of the National Electrical Safety Code. Recess (antishow) mac os. When this picture was taken, this pole supported what the National Electrical Safety Code calls a seasonal decoration. Seasonal decorations often contain lighting circuits; these circuits are usually fed from the secondary distribution circuits on the pole. | ||
Joint Pole VPower, Transformer,On this pole, telephone and CATV cables are mounted side-by-side at the same vertical position, offset horizontally by a common crossarm. This arrangement saves space on crowded poles while still maintaining required clearances. | ||
Joint Pole VIPower, Power riser, Streetlight, CATVThis pole differs from the previous examples in two ways: it's made of prestressed concrete, and it supports a riser.Prestressed concrete poles are often used in coastal areas subject to atmospheric corrosion (one manufacturer claims that 'concrete poles are foremost in appearance, durability and maintenance-free service'). A riser is an electrical connection attached to the side of a pole; hence, a pole supporting a riser is called a riser pole. The riser provides a connection between aerial conductors and underground conductors. The riser conductors are usually protected by conduit, although a U-guard is sometimes used. This particular concrete pole supports:
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Joint Pole VIIPower, Transformer,This pole supports: | ||
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Joint Pole IXPower, Telephone, CATV, CATV Power Supplies, Traffic SignalThis pole supports:
The I-Net is physically identical to the public CATV network (and, in fact, it was built by, and is probably still owned by, the CATV company). However, it is connected only to governmental and quasi-governmental buildings such as City Hall and schools. There is no electric meter for amber warning light; apparently, the owner of the light is billed on a flat rate basis. |
If a joint pole is a pole 'which supports the facilities of two or more
companies,' then a non-joint pole is a pole owned by, and used exclusively
by, one company. Following are four examples of non-joint poles.
A Power PoleThis pole supports transmission (or sub-transmission), an MGN, secondary distribution, and a stepdown transformer. There are no communications cables on this pole; hence, there is no identifiable safety zone and no identifiable communications space. It's a power-only pole. Or just power pole. | ||||||
A Telephone PoleThis pole supports telephone facilities (cables and splices) only. There are no electric power conductors on this pole; hence, there is no identifiable safety zone space and no identifiable supply space. Furthermore, there are no non-telephone communications facilities on this pole. It's a telephone-only pole. Or just telephone pole.This the only kind of pole than can accurately be called a 'telephone pole.' | ||||||
A Cable PoleThis pole supports CATV (broadband network) facilities only. There are no electric power conductors on this pole; hence, there is no identifiable safety zone space and no identifiable supply space.Furthermore, there are no telephone or other non-broadband facilities on this pole. It's a cable-only pole. Or just cable pole. Items on this pole include:
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A Railroad PoleThese poles are owned by, and located on property owned by, a railroad company. These poles support three types of circuits: electric power, signalling, and communications. All circuits are open wire, implemented with uninsulated wire.Even though there are three types of circuits on these poles, they are still non-joint poles because all circuits are owned by the same owner. They're railroad-only poles. Or just railroad poles.
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A Wall of WiresThese poles support only two facilities: electric primary and telephone cables. A solid wall of telephone cables. | ||||||
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A Southern Pine..This tree--a common species of pine indigenous to southern Tennessee--is located in a neighborhood where CATV cables are underground; however, some house drops are overhead. In this example, the CATV pedestal is located next to one of these pines, and the drop to a nearby house is run overhead, using the tree as a pole. | ||||||
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An 1869 telegraph pole (replica).This pole is a replica of an original telegraph pole, one of hundreds that once stood along the Transcontinental Railroad.The Transcontinental Railroad was built by two companies, the Union Pacific (building west from Omaha) and the Central Pacific (building east from Sacramento). The two companies met at Promontory Summit, Utah, north of the Great Salt Lake, in May, 1869. The site is now known as the Golden Spike National Historic Site, operated by the National Park Service with the assistance of volunteers who act as docents, exhibit-makers, locomotive engineers, and locomotive firemen. On May 10, 1869, a ceremony marked the completion of the railroad. Tradition has it that a golden spike was driven into the last tie to mark the occasion. Actually, there were four spikes, and the 'last tie' (a polished laurel beam) was predrilled to accept them. After the ceremony, the original last tie was placed on display in San Francisco, where it remained until it was destroyed in the 1906 earthquake and fire. A replica is now on display in the GSNHS visitors center. Ld-47-disasteroids mac os. The original rails, ties, and telegraph lines were removed in 1942 (steel was needed for the war effort), after the original route was abandoned. The NPS has reconstructed a mile or so of the line along the original right-of-way, in the vicinity of the visitors center. As part of this work, several of the original telegraph poles were reconstructed based on historic photographs. Promontory Summit, Utah, May 9, 1869
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A raptor-nest pole.This pole supports a nesting platform for raptors (birds of prey: hawks, falcons, eagles, vultures, and owls). Electric power companies sometimes install platforms similar to this one near their power-handling facilities (transmission lines; substations). In theory, raptors are attracted to these platforms as potential nesting sites, thereby reducing the possibility that they will attempt to nest on transmission towers or substation equipment. | ||||||
The Mystery Pole.This pole supports electric power conductors, telephone conductors, a streetlight, and several pulleys. What are the pulleys for?Yerevan, Armenia, 2003. All photos courtesy of Russell Whitworth, Guildford, UK. |
Pole owners are usually pretty laid-back about unauthorized pole attachments as long as they don't get in their way. But if unauthorized attachments get in the way, pole owners don't hesitate to remove them. Sometimes gently, sometimes not.
A Wall of WiresThese poles support only two facilities: electric primary and telephone cables. A solid wall of telephone cables. | ||||||
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A Southern Pine..This tree--a common species of pine indigenous to southern Tennessee--is located in a neighborhood where CATV cables are underground; however, some house drops are overhead. In this example, the CATV pedestal is located next to one of these pines, and the drop to a nearby house is run overhead, using the tree as a pole. | ||||||
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An 1869 telegraph pole (replica).This pole is a replica of an original telegraph pole, one of hundreds that once stood along the Transcontinental Railroad.The Transcontinental Railroad was built by two companies, the Union Pacific (building west from Omaha) and the Central Pacific (building east from Sacramento). The two companies met at Promontory Summit, Utah, north of the Great Salt Lake, in May, 1869. The site is now known as the Golden Spike National Historic Site, operated by the National Park Service with the assistance of volunteers who act as docents, exhibit-makers, locomotive engineers, and locomotive firemen. On May 10, 1869, a ceremony marked the completion of the railroad. Tradition has it that a golden spike was driven into the last tie to mark the occasion. Actually, there were four spikes, and the 'last tie' (a polished laurel beam) was predrilled to accept them. After the ceremony, the original last tie was placed on display in San Francisco, where it remained until it was destroyed in the 1906 earthquake and fire. A replica is now on display in the GSNHS visitors center. Ld-47-disasteroids mac os. The original rails, ties, and telegraph lines were removed in 1942 (steel was needed for the war effort), after the original route was abandoned. The NPS has reconstructed a mile or so of the line along the original right-of-way, in the vicinity of the visitors center. As part of this work, several of the original telegraph poles were reconstructed based on historic photographs. Promontory Summit, Utah, May 9, 1869
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A raptor-nest pole.This pole supports a nesting platform for raptors (birds of prey: hawks, falcons, eagles, vultures, and owls). Electric power companies sometimes install platforms similar to this one near their power-handling facilities (transmission lines; substations). In theory, raptors are attracted to these platforms as potential nesting sites, thereby reducing the possibility that they will attempt to nest on transmission towers or substation equipment. | ||||||
The Mystery Pole.This pole supports electric power conductors, telephone conductors, a streetlight, and several pulleys. What are the pulleys for?Yerevan, Armenia, 2003. All photos courtesy of Russell Whitworth, Guildford, UK. |
Pole owners are usually pretty laid-back about unauthorized pole attachments as long as they don't get in their way. But if unauthorized attachments get in the way, pole owners don't hesitate to remove them. Sometimes gently, sometimes not.
Question
I would like to design a pole barn to use as a carport or pavilion. How can I do this in Home Designer?
ANSWER
In Home Designer, a simple pole structure can be easily created using Railings. In Home Designer Pro, you can also use the dedicated framing tools such as the Post, Beam, and Truss tools to accomplish this task.
To create the building perimeter
- Open the Home Designer plan in which you would like to create a pole structure or select File> New Plan from the menu to open a new, blank plan.
- Select Build> Railing and Deck> Straight Railing from the menu, then click and drag in the drawing area to draw an enclosed rectangular structure.
In this example, a 30' x 40' structure is drawn. - Using the Select Objects tool, click on one of the railings to select it, then click the Open Object edit tool.
- On the General panel of the Railing Specification dialog that displays:
- Specify the Thickness to equal the size of posts that you want.
In this example, 7 1/4' is used. - Uncheck No Locate so that the railing will be located if you choose to use the Auto Exterior Dimensions tool.
- Specify the Thickness to equal the size of posts that you want.
- On the Rail Style panel:
- Specify the Railing Type to be Open.
- Specify the Newels/Posts to be Post to Beam.
- Uncheck both Include Top Rail and Include Bottom Rail.
- Specify the Railing Type to be Open.
- On the Newels/Balusters panel:
- Increase the Width of the Newels/Posts to be the same as the railings width.
In this example, 7 1/4' is used. - If you'd like, you can select the Type and specify an on center (O.C.) Spacing for the Newels/Posts.
In this example, we will use Square newels and 96' O.C.
- Increase the Width of the Newels/Posts to be the same as the railings width.
- On the Materials panel, change the materials of the Beam and Newel components, then click OK to close the dialog.
In this example, a framing material is used. - Repeat this procedure for each of your structure's perimeter railing walls.
In situations where no posts are desired on one or more sides of your structure, you can either specify the Spacing (O.C.) to be as large as the total length of the railing wall, or you can set the railing wall to be No Post under the Newels/Posts section within the Railing Specification dialog. Please see Step 5 and Step 6 above for reference.
- Take a Camera view to see the results so far.
How To Build A Pole Barn
By default, the program will generate a roof plane over each exterior wall, defining a hip roof.
To create a gable roof
- Click the Select Objects button, then click on a railing wall that you would like to have a gable above.
- With the railing wall selected, click on the Open Object edit tool.
- On the Roof panel of the Railing/Wall Specification dialog that opens, select the Full Gable Wall option, then click OK.
- Select Build> Roof> Build Roof from the menu.
- On the Roof panel of the Build Roof dialog that opens, specify the desired Pitch and Overhang values.
- On the Materials panel, you can select materials for the Roof Surface, Fascia, and more.
- When you are finished making your desired changes, click OK to rebuild the roof and take a Camera view to see the results.Note: If you would like to have an open gable rather than one enclosed by a physical wall, navigate up to Floor A (Attic) in a plan view, select each of the gable attic walls here, and click the Make Wall(s) Invisible edit tool.
A Question box may appear that mentions that you're editing an automatically generated wall. Click Yes to confirm the change.
The default floor structure for a new room is a framed platform with wood flooring. This can be easily changed to a slab, or to no floor platform whatsoever.
To add a concrete monolithic slab floor
- Using the Select Objects tool, click in an empty space in the pole structure's room to select it, then click the Open Object edit tool.
- On the General panel of the Room Specification dialog that opens:
- Use the Room Type drop-down and select the 'Slab' option if you're wanting a concrete slab.
- For a structure with no floor, select 'Open Below.'
- If you'd like, you can type a custom Room Name in the text field.
- Under the Living Area heading, select the radio button beside Include in Total Living Area Calculation.
- Click OK to close the dialog and apply your changes.
- Use the Room Type drop-down and select the 'Slab' option if you're wanting a concrete slab.
Most pole barns use the underside of the roof as a ceiling rather than a flat ceiling. This can be easily specified.
A Pole & Its Goat Mac Os Catalina
To create a sloped ceiling
- Select the room and click on the Open Object edit button once more.
- On the Structurepanel of the Room Specification dialog, uncheck Flat Ceiling Over This Room, then click OK.
Use corbels from the Library Browser to add angled braces at the top of the posts, or add other Millwork objects to add details to your structure, and add vehicles for space planning. If you don't see an item in the Home Designer library that suits your needs, you can import symbols from other sources. To learn more, see the Related Articles section below.